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rm

rm 命令翻译与常用案例

命令简介

rm 用于删除文件或目录。

选项说明

选项 说明
-f, --force 忽略不存在的文件,从不提示确认
-i 每次删除前都提示确认
-I 删除超过3个文件或递归删除时提示一次;比 -i 干扰少,但仍有保护作用
--interactive[=WHEN] 根据 WHEN 参数决定提示时机:never(从不)、once(同 -I)、always(同 -i);不指定 WHEN 则始终提示
--one-file-system 递归删除时,跳过与命令行参数所在文件系统不同的目录
--no-preserve-root 不对 '/' 做特殊保护
--preserve-root[=all] 不删除 '/'(默认);使用 all 时拒绝删除与父目录在不同设备上的参数
-r, -R, --recursive 递归删除目录及其内容
-d, --dir 删除空目录
-v, --verbose 显示正在执行的操作
--help 显示帮助信息
--version 显示版本信息

默认行为

默认情况下,rm 不删除目录。需要使用 -r-R 选项才能删除目录及其所有内容。

删除以 '-' 开头的文件

如果文件名以 - 开头(如 -foo),可使用以下方式:

rm -- -foo
# 或
rm ./-foo

注意事项

rm 删除文件后,理论上仍有可能通过专业技术恢复部分内容。若需彻底不可恢复,建议使用 shred 命令。


常用案例

1. 删除单个文件

rm file.txt

2. 删除多个文件

rm file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt

3. 强制删除文件(不提示)

rm -f file.txt

4. 递归删除目录及其所有内容

rm -r /path/to/directory

rm -rf /path/to/directory   # 强制递归删除(常用,但需谨慎!)

5. 删除空目录

rm -d empty_dir

或使用 rmdir 命令。

6. 删除前逐个确认

rm -i file1.txt file2.txt

7. 删除多个文件时只提示一次

rm -I file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt

8. 显示删除过程

rm -v file.txt
# 输出:removed 'file.txt'

9. 删除以 '-' 开头的文件

rm -- -foo
# 或
rm ./-foo

10. 递归删除但保留根目录(安全保护)

rm -rf /   # 默认有 --preserve-root 保护,不会执行
# 除非使用 --no-preserve-root 才会真的删除系统

11. 递归删除时跳过其他文件系统

rm -rf --one-file-system /path/to/dir
# 如果 /path/to/dir 下有挂载点,这些挂载点内的内容不会被删除

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